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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of Jerusalem during the Crusader period ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of Jerusalem during the Crusader period The Crusader period in the history of Jerusalem began in 1099 with the conquest of the city of Jerusalem in the First Crusade. Jerusalem became the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Christian city after 450 years of Islam. It was a turbulent period in the history of the city, with several transitions between Christian and Muslim dominion. ==Overview== The Crusaders conquered the city in 1099 and held it until its conquest by the army of Saladin in 1187 and its surrender to the Ayyubid dynasty, a Muslim sultanate that ruled in the Middle East in the early 12th century. The Sixth Crusade put Jerusalem back under Crusader rule (1229–44), until the city was captured by the Khwarazmian dynasty. The Crusader–Ayyubid conflict ended with the rise of the Mamluks from Egypt in 1260 and their conquest of the Holy Land. The Ayyubid period ended with waves of destruction of the city. Its fortifications were destroyed first, and later most of the buildings, as part of a deliberate scorched earth policy intended to prevent all future crusades from gaining a foothold in the city and region. This was a short but relatively turbulent and significant period in the history of Jerusalem. For the first time since the destruction of the city in 70 C.E., Jerusalem was the capital of a separate political entity, a status only regained during the British Mandate in the 20th century. The Crusader period in the history of Jerusalem decisively influenced the history of the whole Middle East, radiating beyond the region into the Islamic World and Christian Europe. The Crusades elevated the position of Jerusalem in the hierarchy of places holy to Islam, but it did not become a spiritual or political center of Islam. By the end of the Ayyubid period the name of Jerusalem was no longer connected to the idea of jihad, and the city's geopolitical status declined, becoming a secondary city, first for the Mamluk Empire, and later for the Ottomans.〔 These turmoils did not spare the Jewish community of Jerusalem, who, despite difficult circumstances, struggled amid the waves of death and destruction, and rebuilt the fallen city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Jerusalem during the Crusader period」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.